<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>After: <a href="https://moderncrypto.org/mail-archive/curves/2018/000982.html">https://moderncrypto.org/mail-archive/curves/2018/000982.html</a><br><div>And: <a href="https://moderncrypto.org/mail-archive/curves/2018/000981.html">https://moderncrypto.org/mail-archive/curves/2018/000981.html</a><br><br></div>Hi Dominik, <br><br>I am not wrong. In this disagreement, you seem confused about solutions of diophantine equations. You suggest that a curve will have as many distinct solutions over Z^2 as over (Z/pZ)^2 with prime p. This counters common sense, which states that there are not arbitrarily many solutions to any particular diophantine equation, i.e. over Z^2. <br><br></div>So what is actually happening? <br><br>Take the example curve: 0 = -36 + 400*x^2 - 2000*x^2 y + 400*y^2 depicted over a finite field in the left panel of [1]. This is another form of the Jacobi quartic, but we might consider it a "new curve" because the addition rule on the cubic involves a linear intersection geometry, different from the quartic. More heresy, the x=0 solution occurs at y=2. Starting with P =[2/5,7/10], we calculate sequences over Q and GF[23],<br><br></div>nP : [2/5, 7/10], [-(7/60), -(11/45)], [-(110/527), 3367/9610], [184223/336840, 125521/804005], [172557142/149756395, 546265447/84739210] . . .<br></div><div>nP%23 : [5, 3], [11, 11], [9, 15], [17, 6], [4, 18], [20, 10], [21, 20], [0,2], [2, 20], [3, 10], [19, 18], [6, 6], [14, 15], [12, 11], [18,3], [ infty,0 ] . . . Repeats . . . <br></div><br></div>This example shows what actually happens. The Q-sequence visits infinitely many //fractions// of increasing complexity. Introducing a finite field such as GF[23], we find the subgroup structure used in ECC. Please realize that the map from Q^2 ---> (Z/pZ)^2 //is not// a modulus-type map! <br><br></div>The other issue is evaluation of nP using the quartic rule. Apply shear transform P=[2/5,7/10] ---> P' = [2/5, 3/10]. Then calculate via EFD formulas:<br><br></div>nP' : [2/5, 3/10], [-(36/35), 1203/490], [-(110/527), 670563/2777290], [202104/921115, 80558112963/339381137290] . . .<br></div>nP' % 23 : [5, 21], [20, 1], [9, 8], [17, 15], [4, 1], [11, 4], [21,10],
[ infty,0], [2, 10], [12, 4], [19, 1], [6, 15], [14, 8], [3, 1], [18,
21], [0, 21] . . . Repeats . . . <br>nP % 23 : [5, 3], [20, 12], [9, 15], [17, 13], [4, 18], [11, 19], [21, 20], [infty, 0], [2, 20], [12, 19], [19, 18], [6, 13], [14, 15], [3,12], [18, 3], [0, 21] . . . Repeats . . . <br><br><div><div><div><div>Now compare cosets C_16/C_2. They are the same between iterations. The two C_8 subgroups are different:<br><br></div><div>G1: [11, 11], [17, 6], [20, 10], [0, 2], [3, 10], [6, 6], [12, 11], [Infty, 0]<br></div><div>G2: [20, 12], [17, 13], [11, 19], [infty, 0], [12, 19], [6, 13], [3, 12], [0, 21]<br><br></div><div>Maybe G1 and G2 such as these could lead to an interesting pairing scheme [2] ? More on this question and evaluation over C & C^2 soon.<br> <br></div><div>Cheers, <br><br></div><div>Brad<br><br><br></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>[1] <a href="https://ptpb.pw/AfTT.png">https://ptpb.pw/AfTT.png</a><br>[2] <a href="http://www.craigcostello.com.au/pairings/PairingsForBeginners.pdf">http://www.craigcostello.com.au/pairings/PairingsForBeginners.pdf</a><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>